Newtonian Cosmology and Evolution of κ-Deformed Universe

Considering space--time to be non-commutative, we study the evolution of universe employing approach Newtonian cosmology. Generalizing conservation energy and first law thermodynamics $\kappa$-deformed space--time, derive modified Friedmann equations, valid up order, in deformation parameter. Analyzing these deformed time scale factor cases radiation-dominated, matter-dominated, vacuum (energy)-dominated universes. We show that rate change all three situations is by non-commutativity this depends on sign parameter, indicating a possible explanation for observed Hubble tension. undertake investigation two different realizations non-commutative coordinates. In both cases, also argue existence bounce universe.